A Stable Carbon Isotope Study of the Food-web in a Freshwater-deprived South African Estuary, with Particular Emphasis on the Ichthyofauna   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A.W. Paterson  A.K. Whitfield 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1997,45(6):705-715

The importance of macrophytes as food sources for estuarine nekton is unclear. Previous carbon isotope investigations in the macrophyte-dominated, freshwater-deprived Kariega Estuary showed that the bivalveSolen cylindraceusdid not utilize the dominant estuarine macrophytes found within the estuary as a primary food source. This finding prompted questions as to what the nekton of this estuary utilize as primary energy sources. δ¹³C analyses of the principal autochthonous and allochthonous primary carbon sources, as well as the dominant invertebrate and fish species, indicate that there are two main carbon pathways within the Kariega Estuary. The littoral community, which incorporates the majority of crustaceans, gobies, mullet and a sparid, utilizes δ¹³C enriched primary food sources namelySpartina maritima,Zosteracapensis and epiphytes. The channel fauna, which includes the zooplankton, zooplanktivorous and piscivorous fish, utilizes a primary food source depleted in δ¹³C, which is most likely a mixture of phytoplankton, terrestrial plant debris and C₄macrophyte detritus. The C₃saltmarsh macrophytesSarcocornia perennisandChenolea diffusa, as well as benthic microalgae, appear to be less important as primary food sources to the nekton of the Kariega Estuary.  相似文献   

北江大堤植草护坡效应研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

夏汉平  敖惠修  刘世忠  王广奎 《热带地理》2002,22(4):359-362

北江大堤在航运的浪涛侵蚀以及洪水和雨水的冲蚀下，部分河段边坡已变得支离破碎，对广州和珠江三角洲地区的防洪安全构成了严重威胁。香根草和百喜草都能耐较长时间的水淹，并都有较强的抗逆性。结合土石方工程，并辅以三维网覆盖，将香根草和百喜种在北江两岸的边坡上。结果，这一护坡措施不仅有较地防止了洪流冲蚀和雨水侵蚀，较好地起到了固土护坡作用，而且绿化美化了河岸边坡，成功解决了河湖水库的河岸带难以植被覆盖的难题。  相似文献   

Local provenance in rehabilitation of degraded landscapes: a case study from the Hawkesbury–Nepean catchment, Australia     

Shelley Burgin  J Carson  B Maheshwari 《Area》2005,37(3):324-331

Throughout Australia thousands of volunteers are engaged in Landcare projects that should help rehabilitate degraded landscapes. Many of these projects involve tree planting, but their seed is not necessarily of local provenance. Based on a survey of 85 Landcare groups working in the Hawkesbury–Nepean catchment, data were collected about Landcare groups' knowledge of their seed source, understanding of local provenance and the ecosystem in which they were planting trees and the source of funding for their projects. The findings from the study indicate that about one in five (21%) of the groups surveyed that introduced plant material were not aware of local provenance issues. Indirect indications were that a large number of Landcare groups state-wide may be doing more harm than good to the landscape while trying to rehabilitate it. The data also showed that one in seven (13%) of the groups funded by the Australian Government through the Natural Heritage Trust (NHT) had limited awareness of local provenance issues. With millions of dollars being spent on 'works on the ground', it would be prudent to allocate some funds to document and monitor current Landcare activities, so that the environmental outcomes can be quantified and more effective Landcare policies can be developed in the future.  相似文献   

The effect of a storm surge event on the macrophytes of a temporarily open/closed estuary,South Africa     

T. Riddin  J.B. Adams 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

Temporarily open/closed estuaries typically open to the sea due to freshwater inflow coupled with storm surge events. In September 2008, in the absence of freshwater inflow, the mouth of the East Kleinemonde Estuary breached in response to a storm surge. The mouth of the estuary closed the following day at a high level. Marine overwash events following the breach introduced large volumes of saline water into the estuary and raised the water level by 0.07–0.33 m. Salinity was significantly higher in the 15 month closed phase after the breach (31 ± 0.9) compared to 21.9 ± 0.9 in the closed brackish phase before the breach. The historical average salinity for the estuary during a closed period is 23–25. The increase in salinity has reduced submerged macrophytes Ruppia cirrhosa and Chara vulgaris cover by 38.1%. Macroalgal cover of species such as Dictyota dichotoma, Caulacanthus ustulatus, Codium tenue and Ulva spp. have increased by 7.9%. The saline high water levels have also significantly reduced supratidal salt marsh cover by 15.2%, and reed and sedge cover by 19.7%. Loss of these habitats may result in bank destabilisation and erosion. This is the first record of an extended saline period in the 15 years the estuary has been monitored. Sea level rise in association with climate change, together with localised freshwater inflow reduction is likely to result in an increase in marine overwash events. The frequency and duration of closed saline periods are likely to increase in this type of estuary. A loss of submerged macrophytes may have significant impacts on faunal composition and abundance and on the subsequent functioning of temporarily open/closed estuaries. This has serious ecological implications since these estuaries represent 70% of the different types of estuaries found in South Africa.  相似文献   

崇信县甘薯气候适应性分析与种植技术     

李选处  薛晓忠 《干旱气象》1995,(2)

对崇信县甘薯气候适应性分析发现，在栽苗到封垄期温度偏低，而封垄前覆膜可解决热量不足问题；水分条件基本能满足甘薯生长需要。采用适当种植技术，可使甘薯获得较高产量。  相似文献   

膜下滴灌模式下种植密度对棉田蒸散发规律影响研究     

王小军 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2020,14(1):138-143

为探求绿洲棉区膜下滴灌条件下不同种植密度棉田蒸散发规律，运用大型称重式蒸渗仪对膜下滴灌棉田蒸散过程连续监测，结果表明：在不同种植密度条件下，棉花的日蒸散量曲线都表现为单峰曲线，不同生育时期一膜六行（30株/m2）种植的棉田蒸散量比一膜四行（20株/m2）大，花铃期棉田的蒸散发强度最大，一膜四行、一膜六行分别为4.76mm/d、5.94mm/d。同时，一膜六行种植的叶面积指数大于一膜四行种植,株高小于一膜四行种植。花铃期棉田的蒸散发量与日平均气温（p<0.01）和空气相对湿度(p<0.01)具有很好的相关性，与日平均风速和日平均水汽压的关系不大。  相似文献   

乌兰布和沙漠东南缘湖泊群消涨与驱动因素     

王理想  蔡明玉  白雪莲  乔荣荣  季树新  常学礼 《中国沙漠》2020,40(2):59-67

湖泊是对环境变化响应敏感的地理单元,湖泊消长与响应机制研究对维持区域生态系统稳定具有重要意义。基于1999—2018年Landsat、气象、水文和农业种植面积等多种数据,在ArcGIS平台中利用改进归一化差异水体指数(MNDWI)及目视修正方法提取了乌兰布和沙漠东南缘湖泊群空间信息,运用统计学方法对主要驱动因子与湖泊消涨的关系进行了分析。结果表明:1999—2018年乌兰布和沙漠东南缘大湖泊(面积大于100 hm²)在面积上占优势,小湖泊(面积小于100 hm²)在数量占优势。趋势分析表明大湖泊面积和数量呈显著性减少趋势(相关系数分别为R=0.624 > R_18,0.01=0.561和R=0.648 > R_18,0.01=0.561);小湖泊减少趋势不显著。在空间分布格局上,研究区中部是大湖泊稳定分布区,大湖泊数量11~23个,面积2 208~4 581 hm²。研究区湖泊消长主要受到年实际引黄水量、农田面积和地下水埋深的影响。其中,实际引黄(河)水量影响所有湖泊(P≤0.01),而农田面积和地下水埋深分别对大湖泊(P≤0.01)和小湖泊(P≤0.05)影响显著。用这3个因子分别构建的多元回归模型显示,在大、小湖泊面积和数量预测方面,精度分别达到75.7%和60.5%以上。  相似文献   

基于面向对象的山东省冬小麦种植面积监测          下载免费PDF全文

薛卫宁 《山东国土资源》2014,30(5)

利用遥感技术,使用eCognition软件的面向对象分类技术,对RAPIDEYE卫星影像进行分类识别,从而快速、准确的监测小麦种植面积,为冬小麦财政补贴提供数据和技术支持。以兖州市为例,行政区面积6.501 9万hm2,小麦监测面积3.1715万hm2,小麦面积监测精度达到了90.5%。  相似文献   

上思县油茶栽培气候生态条件分析     

黄敏堂  黄清堂  王国安  吴晓伟 《气象研究与应用》2014,35(3):79-81

通过对上思县及全国其它适宜种植区的油茶栽培中油茶开花授粉、果实膨大、油脂积累等重要生长发育期的气象条件分析,找出上思县适宜发展油茶种植的科学依据,为当地发展油茶业提出建议,为当地林业可持续发展提供参考。  相似文献   

An event-based methodology for climate change and human–environment research     

《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2012,112(2):135-143

Abductive causal eventism (ACE) is an analytical methodology based on a pragmatic view of research methods and explanation that places at the center of research inquiry the answering of ‘why’ questions about events, including human actions or environmental changes of interest. When used in human–environment research, the methodology entails constructing causal histories of interrelated social and/or biophysical events backward in time through a process of eliminative inference and reasoning from effects to causes, called abduction. ACE encourages an eclectic use of methods, models, and theoretical ideas. It fosters integrative, interdisciplinary analysis without being committed either to systems as ontological entities or to holistic analytical frameworks. By not privileging particular theories or explanatory factors in advance, ACE enables researchers to interrogate the plausibility of different causal influences, including local environmental changes that may be related to much wider changes in climate. Likewise, behaviors or practices that may be of value in light of anticipated environmental changes can be studied without their presuming to be caused by these changes or by changes in climate per se. Research on coastal mangrove planting for storm protection in the Philippines and upland tree planting in St. Lucia are used to illustrate these arguments.  相似文献